Finding Eco-Friendly Products

Why should we buy eco-friendly products?

Purchasing eco-friendly products is a vital key to reducing waste and exposure to harmful chemicals. Supporting companies that incorporate sustainable practices promotes the reduction of environmental impacts throughout a product’s lifecycle. Purchasing from companies with ethical labor practices supports healthy economies and improved quality of life for workers and communities.

Sustainable products are not only better for the planet, but are safer for your health. Eco-friendly products contain clean ingredients, free from toxic chemicals (such as pesticides) that are attributed to numerous health issues.

But let’s back up for a second. Before even buying a new product, take a moment to evaluate whether you truly need it. Overconsumption is the norm in our society, and we have become so conditioned to buy more that we often don’t even stop to think before doing so. This is the first and most important step to live sustainably.

Less purchasing = Less production = Less excess = Less waste

Also consider buying something used. This is an important component of a circular product lifecycle. Shop at local thrift shops, flea markets or garage sales, online marketplaces, or your local Buy Nothing group, which are local community groups that offers goods and services to each other at no cost. These are also all great places to pass on your unwanted items and decrease waste.

Quick tip: When you do need something new, try your best to buy locally-produced items. This supports the economy in your area while decreasing emissions resulting from shipping.

How do you know if a product is eco-friendly?

This is the million dollar question. It takes some effort to discern which products and companies are actually sustainable. The biggest reason why this can be so difficult is greenwashing.

The seven sins of greenwashing

The Seven Sins of Greenwashing is a helpful tool developed by TerraChoice, now part of UL (Underwriters Laboratories), a global safety certification organization that tests and certifies products to ensure they meet established safety, performance, and compliance standards.

Use these guidelines to help train yourself to identify false or misleading claims.

1. Sin of the hidden trade-off – These are claims highlighting the eco-friendly qualities of a product while ignoring others. This could be a product made with organic materials, but that is produced with labor exploitation or dyed with harmful chemicals. A very common one is placing focus on initiatives—especially tree planting—to distract you from the other ways a company damages the environment.
2. Sin of no proof – No actual data or third-party testing, or certifications to prove claims.
3. Sin of vagueness – To me, this is the hallmark of greenwashing. Vague claims like green, sustainable, eco-friendly, non-toxic, and all-natural are meaningless buzzwords that lead to inaccurate perceptions by consumers without transparency, data, and/or certifications to back them up. Other vague claims can include:
   • Claims of work-in-progress without actual data, such as “we’re on our way to zero emissions” or “we’re working toward xyz.”
   • Claims of future advances, from major milestones that are decades away, i.e. “net-zero by 2050.” Marketing for products that don’t exist yet, such as “coming this spring…”
4. Sin of worshiping false labels – Labels with inaccurate or false information. This can also be as nuanced as labels and packaging that give the impression of eco-friendliness, such as green color schemes and nature scenes.
5. Sin of irrelevance – Making a claim that may be truthful but not necessarily applicable or helpful for that particular product. Examples are ‘CFC-free’ labels on aerosol cans (CFCs were banned globally in 1987), and silicone products labeled ‘BPA-free’—BPA is not used in silicone manufacturing.
6. Sin of lesser of two evils – A claim that could be true for the product, yet shifts attention away from the broader environmental issues associated with the category. Examples are compostable bioplastics, organic cigarettes, and compostable coffee pods.
7. Sin of fibbing – Outright falsehoods, such as claims of third-party certification that are untrue.

For more greenwashing info, check out articles by the WWF and NRDC.

How to see through the greenwashing

The quickest and most reliable way to judge whether a company’s sustainability claims can be substantiated is the presence of third-party eco-certifications. These business sustainability certifications offer assurance that a product lives up to a specific, rigid set of standards regarding sourcing, production, toxicity, and/or labor.

The product packaging typically (but not always) lists sustainability certifications. You can also find these on company websites, where sustainability reports may also be available. Make it a practice to examine company webpages for the presence of this information. When a brand offers no sustainability information, it becomes an easy decision to rule it out and move on.

Learn about the most common certifications you want to look for on your products.

Read ingredient labels

Unless you are a chemist, you probably won’t be able to discern much from the tongue twister ingredients listed. Right there, that tells you about the number of processed ingredients, right? It’s important to be able to identify toxic chemicals in products, because regulation is poor. You can read more about the ingredients to avoid in cleaning products or beauty and personal care products (which incidentally are many of the same chemicals, yuck).

Helpful resources

• Campaign for Safe Cosmetics is a great resource to help you learn the ingredients you want to avoid in beauty products.
• The Retailer Report Card ranks companies on their efforts to reduce/eliminate harmful chemicals.

A quick and easy way to check ingredients is by using an app. I do this all the time when I am shopping, and it’s also helpful to go through the products you already have on your shelves.

• The Environmental Working Group has a large database of personal care (and cleaning) products, including certification for the products they endorse. You can read about the EWG’s research process. You can also access their database from their app.

• My long-time favorite app is called Think Dirty. You can enter the name or scan the barcode of tons of personal care (and cleaning) products and they have a rating system of how ‘dirty’ they are based on the ingredients. It’s kind of a fun and addicting activity going through the house, scanning everything you find. Or is that just me? One thing to note is that any product with added fragrance rates poorly since those ingredients are unknown–as mentioned previously, fragrance is proprietary and the ingredients don’t have to be disclosed, therefore companies could easily hide ingredients as “fragrance.”

Sustainable product packaging

An additional challenge is finding the winning combo of products that contain non-toxic ingredients AND are enclosed in eco-friendly packaging. Aim for products you like that are packaged in materials like recycled or sustainably sourced paperboard, recycled plastic, or infinitely recyclable materials like glass and aluminum. Of course, package-free is the best if you can find it. Some companies offer refills for their products.

One way you can cut down on packaging is by buying in bulk. For food items, take your own reusable bags, like these I purchased from Etsy. And don’t forget your reusable produce and shopping bags. Some smaller bulk specialty shops offer cleaning products and beauty/personal care products, where you can take your own containers and fill them.

Recycle packaging as able

Make sure you recycle packaging as able. Here’s a brief rundown on responsibly disposing of packaging materials (click on the material type links for more information):

• Glass – recycle curbside as available or at a drop-off bin.
• Steel, tin, and aluminum – add to curbside mixed recycling. Aerosol cans are acceptable if they are completely empty.
• Paper products – curbside mixed recycling.
• Plastics #1 and #2 go curbside, check with your local recycler whether number 3-7 are accepted. Note that spray pumps cannot go into your curbside recycling since they contain a metal coil in addition to the plastic.
• Plastic wrap – recycle at a grocery store drop off location.
• Terracycle has many options for hard to recycle packaging and numerous other items.
• Find recycling options for beauty and personal care products.

More questions to help determine product sustainability

The key to researching whether a company is sustainable is transparency. As you study a business’ mission statement or sustainability practices, use critical thinking to see through potential greenwashing. Look for actual data and facts to back up claims to help you make your best judgement.

Answers to the following issues should be available on a company’s website. If they are not, ask; the more they hear how sustainability is important to their customers, the more likely they are to take action.

In a perfect world, products would address each of these concerns, not just one class while utterly failing another.

Sustainable and ethical sourcing

What does sustainably sourced mean?

• Were the materials obtained with sustainable practices, or did its harvesting contribute to deforestation, air pollution, or harm to animals? Here are a few examples to illustrate how this can be verified:
  • Paper products are FSC-certified
  • Animal products like wool and down feathers were gathered by cruelty-free practices
  • Sustainably-sourced coffee and palm oil, like those certified by the Rainforest Alliance and the RSPO
  • Organically-grown cotton and other crops for textile production, certified by GOTS
• Are there added chemicals, toxins, or pesticides? Is there a healthier option? The EWG or Made Safe certifications are a couple of the resources available to you.
• What materials were used to make this product? Are they natural, or is there a natural or more sustainable alternative, including packaging?

Environmental impact of production

• Does the company have clear cut actions they are taking to improve energy efficiency, reduce water use, packaging waste, and more? Are they certified by a company such as bluesign or UL ECOLOGO?
• Is the company addressing their carbon emissions? Are they Climate Neutral certified?
• Are recycled materials being used? Producing items from recycled materials conserves natural resources, energy, and decreases pollution.

Product end of life

The best companies will create their products with its end of life destination in mind.

• Is it biodegradable or compostable?
• Is it recyclable?
• Where will this product ultimately end up? If the answer is landfill, is there a better product alternative?

Why are sustainable products expensive?

In general, you may end up paying more for green products. There are numerous reasons for this. The simplest explanation is that it can be very expensive for a company to do everything possible to be sustainable. Therefore, in order to turn a profit, their product prices must reflect that.

Higher production costs

Organic crops are a perfect example: since no pesticides are used, crop yield is lower and therefore producers much charge more to cover operating costs. Another instance is companies that use renewable energy may in turn have higher operating costs than those powered by fossil fuels.

Fair wages

Companies that prioritize ethical labor results in increased costs due to higher wages and working conditions. Many laborers and farmers are exploited and grossly underpaid. At the risk of sounding harsh, we should all be willing to spend a little extra to support companies that uphold Fair Trade practices to ensure other human beings can make a livable wage in safe conditions.

Eco-friendly product packaging

Plastic is very cheap to produce, so companies that use other types of packaging for their products pay more. Even producing recycled plastic can cost manufacturers up to 600% more than virgin plastic. Glass is much heavier than plastic, which leads to higher shipping costs.

Cost of sustainability certifications

The cost of obtaining eco-certifications can add up, especially for smaller companies. For instance, the fee to becoming a Certified B Corp is a minimum of $2000 and scales with revenue. But that doesn’t include the costs a company must incur to meet the requirements.

Lack of demand

I personally think this is the biggest issue. Not enough people buy these kinds of products, so companies have to charge more to turn a profit.

Read PBS’s take on why it’s hard to become a sustainable business.

A co-founder of a financial firm that lends to sustainable companies said, “Bringing down the prices of eco-friendly products will come from massively growing demand for eco-friendly products. The more we can make it easy for consumers to pick eco-friendly products, the more there will be a demand for those eco-friendly products and the more the prices for those products will fall.” This is where much of our power lies. A perfect example of this are EVs. They were initally very expensive, but with the increased demand, they are now close to matching prices of gasoline cars.

Do what you can

I think it is helpful to look at purchased of environmentally friendly products as investments in yourself, your community, future generations, and the planet. I believe that many times it is even possible to make up the financial difference if you pay attention to what you are buying. And even if you end up paying more overall, I think spending a little extra is a worthwhile cause.

I’ve also always been a firm believer in paying more for quality, and quality lasts longer. You end up buying less and saving money in the long run. The upfront costs might be more, but if you buy quality and take care of your items, they can last a long time.

That being said, I know everyone’s financial situations are different, and the bottom line is we just have to do what we can. Many sustainable actions have little to no cost. Decreasing food waste is something anyone can do for little or no cost, and it also has the biggest impact. Buying pre-owned goods is both cheaper for you and a way to extend the life of items. Make your own cleaners. Start small and buy one reusable item when you can—maybe a nice water bottle, a set of reusable zip top bags, reusable napkins or paper towels, or wool dryer balls. Every little thing adds up.

It is overwhelming to find the most eco-friendly options for every single thing that you buy. That is what motivated me to start this website in the first place. I have accumulated a ton of information so far and continue to do so. Check out any of the categories in the menu to find suggestions on products that I have tried and/or researched; I think you will find something that works for you.